Large Cnc Lathe

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Large CNC lathe, that is, a lathe controlled by computer numerical control, [1] is an efficient automation equipment that automatically processes workpieces according to a pre-programmed CNC program. [2]

CNC lathes are mainly used for cutting internal and external cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts or disk parts, internal and external conical surfaces with any cone angle, complex rotating internal and external curved surfaces, and cylindrical and conical threads. They can also perform grooving, drilling, reaming, etc. Reaming and boring, etc.

The working principle of the CNC lathe is to compile the part's processing route, process parameters, tool motion trajectory, displacement, cutting parameters and auxiliary functions into a processing program sheet according to the instruction code and program format specified by the CNC lathe, and then write this program The contents of the order are recorded on the control medium and then input into the CNC device of the CNC lathe, thereby instructing the lathe to process the parts.

Mchine parameter 

CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool. It is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system. The control system can logically process programs with control codes or other symbolic instructions and decode them to make the machine tool move and process parts.

Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

●High processing precision and stable processing quality;

●Can carry out multi-coordinate linkage and can process parts with complex shapes;

●When processing parts change, generally only the CNC program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time;

●The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, can choose favorable processing amounts, and has high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

●The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;

●The quality requirements for operators are higher, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are higher.

What is the difference between an ordinary lathe and a best CNC lathe? Why are 99% of people willing to use a CNC lathe?

1. Different definitions
Simply speaking, a large CNC lathe is a machine tool controlled by numbers. It is an automated machine tool with program automation control. The entire system can logically process the program specified by the control code or other symbolic instructions, and then They perform automatic compilation, and then perform comprehensive compilation so that the entire machine tool can be processed according to the original program.
The control unit of this CNC lathe. The operation and monitoring of the CNC lathe are all completed in the CNC unit. It is equivalent to the brain of a device. The equipment we usually refer to is mainly the machining center of an index-controlled lathe.
Ordinary lathes are horizontal lathes that can process various types of workpieces such as shafts, discs, rings, etc. in a variety of processes. They are often used to process the internal and external rotating surfaces, end faces, and various internal and external threads of the workpiece. Using corresponding tools and accessories, they can also Carry out drilling, reaming, tapping and knurling etc.

2. Different scopes

CNC lathes do not only have one CNC system. They also have many different technologies. They use different technologies. They cover a wide range.
Including CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, CNC machining centers, and CNC wire cutting and many other different types. Such a technology is to use digital programming language symbols for conversion, and then process the entire computer-controlled machine tool.
3. Different advantages
There are many advantages to using CNC lathes to process products compared to general machine tool products. Using CNC lathes to process products can greatly improve production efficiency. After the entire workpiece is clamped, the prepared processing program can be input.
The entire machine tool can automatically complete the processing process. Relatively speaking, when the processed parts are changed, they usually only need to change a series of CNC programs. Therefore, to a certain extent, this can greatly shorten the entire processing time. Compared with machine tool processing, it can maximize production efficiency.

CNC lathe is one of the most widely used CNC machine tools. It is mainly used for cutting internal and external cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts or disk parts, internal and external conical surfaces with any cone angle, complex rotating internal and external curved surfaces, and cylindrical and conical threads. It can also perform grooving, drilling, reaming, and reaming. Holes and borings, etc.

CNC machine tools automatically process parts to be processed according to pre-programmed processing programs. We write the part's processing route, process parameters, tool motion trajectory, displacement, cutting parameters and auxiliary functions into a processing program sheet according to the instruction code and program format specified by the CNC machine tool, and then record the contents of this program sheet On the control medium, it is then input into the CNC device of the CNC machine tool to instruct the machine tool to process the parts.

●High processing precision and stable processing quality;

●Can carry out multi-coordinate linkage and can process parts with complex shapes;

●When processing parts change, generally only the CNC program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time;

●The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, can choose favorable processing amounts, and has high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

●The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;

●The quality requirements for operators are higher, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are higher.

To determine the process requirements of typical parts, the batch size of processed workpieces, and to formulate the functions that the CNC lathe should have is to make preliminary preparations. The prerequisite for rational selection of CNC lathes is to meet the process requirements of typical parts.

The process requirements of typical parts are mainly the structural dimensions, processing range and accuracy requirements of the parts. The control accuracy of the CNC lathe is selected according to the accuracy requirements, that is, the dimensional accuracy, positioning accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece. Choose based on reliability, which is the guarantee for improving product quality and production efficiency. The reliability of CNC machine tools means that when the machine tool performs its functions under specified conditions, it can run stably for a long time without failure. That is to say, the mean time between failures is long. Even if a failure occurs, it can be restored and put back into use in a short time. Choose machine tools that are reasonably structured, well-made, and have been mass-produced. Generally, the more users there are, the higher the reliability of the CNC system.

Machine tool accessories and tools

Machine tool accessories, spare parts and their supply capabilities, and cutting tools are very important for CNC lathes and turning centers that have been put into production. When choosing a machine tool, you need to carefully consider the matching of tools and accessories.

turning center

Control System

Manufacturers generally choose products from the same manufacturer, or at least purchase control systems from the same manufacturer, which brings great convenience to maintenance work. Teaching units, since they need students to be well-informed, would be wise to use different systems and equip them with various simulation software.

Choose based on performance/price ratio

Ensure that functions and precision are not idle or wasted, and do not choose functions that are irrelevant to your needs.

Machine tool protection

When necessary, the machine tool can be equipped with a fully enclosed or semi-enclosed protective device and an automatic chip removal device.

When selecting CNC lathes and turning centers, the above principles should be comprehensively considered.

Although the processing flexibility of CNC lathes is superior to that of ordinary lathes, there is still a certain gap between CNC lathes and ordinary lathes in terms of the production efficiency of a certain part. Therefore, improving the efficiency of CNC lathes has become the key, and the rational use of programming skills and the preparation of efficient processing programs often have unexpected effects on improving the efficiency of machine tools.

1. Flexible setting of reference points

BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe has two axes, namely spindle Z and tool axis X. The center of the bar is the origin of the coordinate system. When each knife approaches the bar, the coordinate value decreases, which is called tool advance; otherwise, the coordinate value increases, which is called tool retraction. The tool stops when it returns to the starting position of the tool. This position is called the reference point. The reference point is a very important concept in programming. After each automatic cycle is executed, the tool must return to this position to prepare for the next cycle. Therefore, before executing the program, the actual positions of the tool and spindle must be adjusted to be consistent with the coordinate values. However, the actual position of the reference point is not fixed. The programmer can adjust the position of the reference point according to the diameter of the part, the type and quantity of the tools used, and shorten the idle stroke of the tool. thereby improving efficiency.

2. Turn zeros into wholes

In low-voltage electrical appliances, there are a large number of short pin shaft parts, whose length-to-diameter ratio is about 2 to 3, and the diameter is mostly less than 3 mm. Due to the small geometric size of the parts, it is difficult to clamp on ordinary instrument lathes and the quality cannot be guaranteed. If programmed according to the conventional method, only one part is processed in each cycle. Due to the short axial size, the machine tool spindle slider frequently reciprocates in the bed guide rail, and the spring chuck clamping mechanism moves frequently. After working for a long time, local excessive wear of the machine tool guide rail will affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and in severe cases, the machine tool may even be scrapped. Frequent movements of the spring chuck clamping mechanism will cause damage to the control electrical appliances. To solve the above problems, the feed length of the spindle and the action interval of the collet clamping mechanism must be increased without reducing productivity. From this, it is imagined whether several parts can be processed in one processing cycle. The feed length of the spindle is several times the length of a single part, and can even reach the maximum running distance of the spindle, and the action time interval of the spring chuck clamping mechanism is correspondingly extended. Several times the original value. More importantly, the original auxiliary time of a single part is distributed among several parts, and the auxiliary time of each part is greatly shortened, thereby improving production efficiency. In order to realize this idea, I came to the concept of main program and subroutine in computer programming. If the command fields related to the geometric dimensions of the part are placed in a subroutine, and the command fields related to machine tool control and the command field to cut off the part are placed Put it in the main program. Every time a part is processed, the main program calls the subprogram once by calling the subprogram command. After the processing is completed, it jumps back to the main program. When several parts need to be processed, the subroutine is called several times, which is very conducive to increasing or decreasing the number of parts processed in each cycle. The processing program compiled in this way is also relatively concise and clear, making it easy to modify and maintain. It is worth noting that since the parameters of the subprogram remain unchanged in each call, but the coordinates of the spindle are changing all the time, in order to adapt to the main program, relative programming statements must be used in the subprogram.

3. Reduce tool empty stroke

In the BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe, the movement of the tool is driven by a stepper motor. Although there is a quick point positioning command G00 in the program command, compared with the feeding method of ordinary lathes, it is still inefficient. high. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of machine tools, the operating efficiency of cutting tools must be improved. The idle stroke of the tool refers to the distance traveled by the tool approaching the workpiece and returning to the reference point after cutting. As long as the tool idle stroke is reduced, the operating efficiency of the tool can be improved. (For point-controlled CNC lathes, only high positioning accuracy is required, the positioning process can be as fast as possible, and the motion route of the tool relative to the workpiece is irrelevant.) In terms of machine tool adjustment, the initial position of the tool must be arranged as far as possible. Possibly close to the bar. In terms of programming, according to the structure of the part, use as few tools as possible to process the part so that the tools are as dispersed as possible when installed, so that they will not interfere with each other when they are very close to the bar; on the other hand, due to the actual initialization of the tool The position has changed from the original. The reference point position of the tool must be modified in the program to make it consistent with the actual situation. At the same time, combined with the rapid point positioning command, the tool's idle stroke can be controlled within the minimum range. Thereby improving machine tool processing efficiency.

4. Optimize parameters, balance tool load, and reduce tool wear

Overall, CNC lathes show the following three development trends:

High speed and high precision

High speed and precision are the eternal goals of machine tool development. With the rapid development of science and technology, the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products is accelerating, and the requirements for precision and surface quality of parts processing are becoming higher and higher. In order to meet the needs of this complex and ever-changing market, machine tools are currently developing in the direction of high-speed cutting, dry cutting and quasi-dry cutting, and the machining accuracy is also constantly improving. On the other hand, the successful application of electric spindles and linear motors, ceramic ball bearings, high-precision large-lead hollow internal cooling and ball nut force-cooled low-temperature high-speed ball screw pairs and linear guide pairs with ball cages and other machine tool functional components The launch of machine tools has also created conditions for the development of machine tools at high speed and precision.

Linear motors have high driving speed, good acceleration and deceleration characteristics, and excellent response characteristics and following accuracy. Using a linear motor as a servo drive eliminates the intermediate transmission link of the ball screw, eliminates transmission gaps (including backlash), has small motion inertia, good system rigidity, and can be positioned accurately at high speeds, thus greatly improving Servo accuracy.

The linear rolling guide pair has zero clearance in all directions and very small rolling friction, small wear, negligible heat generation, very good thermal stability, and improved positioning accuracy and repeatable positioning accuracy throughout the process. Through the application of linear motors and linear rolling guide pairs, the rapid movement speed of the machine tool can be increased from 10 to 20m/mim to 60 to 80m/min, up to 120m/min.

High reliability

The reliability of CNC machine tools is a key indicator of the quality of CNC machine tool products. Whether CNC machine tools can exert their high performance, high precision and high efficiency and obtain good benefits depends crucially on their reliability.

CNC lathe design CAD, structural design modularization

With the popularization of computer applications and the development of software technology, CAD technology has been widely developed. CAD can not only replace tedious manual drawing work, but more importantly, it can carry out design scheme selection and static and dynamic characteristic analysis, calculation, prediction and optimization design of large-scale machines. It can also perform dynamic simulation of each working part of the machine. . On the basis of modularity, the three-dimensional geometric model and realistic colors of the product can be seen during the design phase. The use of CAD can also greatly improve work efficiency and improve the first-time success rate of design, thereby shortening the trial production cycle, reducing design costs, and improving market competitiveness.

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