The processing technology of CNC lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but since the CNC lathe is one-time clamping and continuous automatic processing completes all the turning processes, the following aspects should be paid attention to:
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1. Reasonable choice of cutting amount
Whether the selection of cutting parameters (ap, f, v) is reasonable plays an important role in whether the potential of the machine tool and the cutting performance of the tool can be fully utilized to achieve high quality, high output, low cost and safe operation.
During rough turning, first consider choosing a back engagement ap that is as large as possible, then choose a larger feed f, and finally determine a suitable cutting speed v. Increasing the amount of back engagement ap can reduce the number of tool passes, and increasing the feed rate f is beneficial to chip breaking. Therefore, selecting the cutting amount of rough turning according to the above principles is beneficial to improve production efficiency, reduce tool consumption, and reduce processing costs.
In finish turning, the requirements for machining accuracy and surface roughness are relatively high, and the machining allowance is not large and relatively uniform. Therefore, when selecting the cutting amount for finish turning, you should focus on how to ensure the machining quality and improve productivity as much as possible on this basis. Therefore, a small (but not too small) back cutting amount ap and feed rate f should be selected for finishing turning, and a cutting tool material with high cutting performance and reasonable geometric parameters should be selected to increase the cutting speed v as much as possible.
2. Reasonable choice of knives
1) When roughing, it is necessary to choose a tool with high strength and good durability, so as to meet the requirements of large cutting capacity and large feed during roughing;
2) When finishing the car, it is necessary to choose a tool with high precision and good durability to ensure the requirements of machining accuracy. ;
3) In order to reduce the tool change time and facilitate tool setting, machine-clamped tools and machine-clamped blades should be used as much as possible.
3. Reasonable selection of fixtures
1) Try to use general fixtures to clamp workpieces, and avoid using special fixtures;
2) Part positioning datum coincides to reduce positioning error.
4. Determine the processing route
The processing route refers to the movement trajectory and direction of the tool relative to the part during the machining process of the CNC machine tool:
1) It should be able to ensure the machining accuracy and surface roughness requirements;
2) The processing route should be shortened as much as possible to reduce the idle travel time of the tool.
5. The relationship between processing route and processing allowance
At present, under the condition that the CNC lathe has not yet been widely used, generally the excessive allowance on the blank, especially the allowance containing forged and cast hard skin layers, should be processed on the ordinary lathe. If it must be processed with a CNC lathe, attention should be paid to the flexible arrangement of the program.
6. Fixture installation points
At present, the connection between the hydraulic chuck and the hydraulic clamping cylinder is realized by a pull rod. The key points of hydraulic chuck clamping are as follows: firstly, use a wrench to remove the nut on the hydraulic cylinder, remove the pull tube, and pull it out from the rear end of the main shaft, and then use a wrench to remove the chuck fixing screw to remove the chuck.
