The programmable functions of CNC machine tools are divided into two categories:
One category is used to control the tool path, i.e., the movement of each feed axis, such as linear/circular interpolation, feed control, coordinate system origin offset and transformation, dimension unit setting, tool offset and compensation, etc. This category of functions is called preparatory functions, consisting of the letter G followed by two digits, also known as G-codes.
The other category of functions is called auxiliary functions, used to complete program execution control, spindle control, tool control, auxiliary equipment control, etc. Among these auxiliary functions, Tx x is used for tool selection, and Sx x x x is used to control the spindle speed. Other functions are implemented using M-codes consisting of the letter M followed by two digits.
1. Commonly Used G-Code Functions
G00 Positioning (Rapid Traverse)
G01 Linear Interpolation (Feed Rate)
G02 Clockwise Circular Interpolation
G03 Counterclockwise Circular Interpolation
G04 Pause, Precise Stop
G09 Precise Stop
G17 Select X/Y Plane
G18 Select Z/X Plane
G19 Select Y/Z Plane
G27 Return and Check Reference Point
G28 Return to Reference Point
G29 Return from Reference Point
G30 Return to Second Reference Point
G40 Cancel Tool Radius Compensation
G41 Left Tool Radius Compensation
G42 Right Tool Radius Compensation
G43 Tool Length Compensation +
G44 Tool Length Compensation -
G49 Cancel Tool Length Compensation
G52 Set Local Coordinate System
G53 Select Machine Coordinate System
G54 Select Workpiece Coordinate System 1
G55 Select workpiece coordinate system 2
G56 Select workpiece coordinate system 3
G57 Select workpiece coordinate system 4
G58 Select workpiece coordinate system 5
G59 Select workpiece coordinate system 6
G60 Single-direction positioning
G61 Precise stop mode
G64 Cutting mode
G65 Macro program call
G66 Modal macro program call
G67 Cancel modal macro program call
G73 Deep hole drilling fixed cycle
G74 Reverse thread tapping fixed cycle
G76 Fine boring fixed cycle
G80 Cancel fixed cycle
G81 Drilling fixed cycle
G82 Drilling fixed cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling fixed cycle
G84 Tapping fixed cycle
G85 Boring fixed cycle
G86 Boring fixed cycle
G87 Reverse boring fixed cycle
G88 Boring Fixed Cycle
G89 Boring Fixed Cycle
G90 Absolute Value Command Mode
G91 Incremental Value Command Mode
G92 Workpiece Zero Point Setting
G98 Fixed Cycle Return to Initial Point
G99 Fixed Cycle Return to R Point
2. Commonly Used M Code Functions
M00 Program Pause
M01 Conditional Program Stop
M02 Program End
M03 Spindle Forward Rotation
M04 Spindle Reverse Rotation
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Tool Exchange
M08 Cooling On
M09 Cooling Off
M18 Spindle Orientation Cancel
M19 Spindle Orientation
M29 Rigid Tapping
M30 Program End and Return to Program Header
M98 Subroutine Call
M99 Subroutine End Return/Repeat Execution
3. Common Arithmetic
Addition: #i = #j + #k
Subtraction: #i = #j - #k
Multiplication: #i = #j * #k
Division: #i = #j / #k
Sine: #i = SIN[#j]
Arcsine: #i = ASIN[#j]
Cosine: #i = COS[#j]
Inverse Cosine: #i = ACOS[#j]
Tangent: #i = TAN[#j]
Arctangent: #i = ATAN[#j]
Square Root: #i = SQRT[#j]
Absolute Value: #i = ABS[#j]
Rounding: #i = ROUND[#j]
Integer Rounding: #i = FIX[#j]
Integer Rounding Down: #i = FUP[#j]
Natural Logarithm: #i = LN[#j]
Exponential Function: #i = EXP[#j]
OR: #i = #j OR #k
XOR: #i = #j X OR #k
AND: #i = # AND #k
Convert from BCD to BIN: #i = BIN[#j]
Convert from BIN to BCD: #i = BCD[#j]
4. Logical Operators
EQ: Equal to
NE: Not equal to
GT: Greater than
GE: Greater than or equal to
LT: Less than
LE: Less than or equal to
5. Program Transfer and Loops
Unconditional Transfer: GOTO
Conditional Transfer: IF [conditional expression]
IF [conditional expression] GOTO n, if the condition is met, jump to program segment n
IF [conditional expression] THEN, e.g.: IF [#I=#J] THEN #K=0
6. Loop Statements
WHILE [conditional expression] Dom (m=1,2,,3)
…
If the condition is met, execute the program from Dom to ENDm (until the condition is no longer met); otherwise, execute the program after
