Development History
CNC machine tools were invented by American inventor John Parsons in the last century. With the development of electronic information technology, the world's machine tool industry has entered the era of mechatronics with digital manufacturing technology as the core, of which CNC machine tools are one of the representative products. CNC machine tools are the processing mother machine of the manufacturing industry and the important foundation of the national economy. It provides equipment and means for all sectors of the national economy, and has unlimited economic and social effects. Industrialized countries such as Europe, the United States, and Japan have successively completed the industrialization process of CNC machine tools, while China started in the 1980s and is still in the development stage.
American Development
The U.S. government attaches great importance to the machine tool industry. Due to its military needs, the U.S. Department of Defense and other departments continue to propose the development direction and scientific research tasks of machine tools, and provide sufficient funds, and recruit talents from all over the world, especially focusing on "efficiency" and "innovation". Basic research. Therefore, continuous innovation in machine tool technology, such as the development of the world's first CNC machine tool in 1952, the creation of a machining center in 1958, the development of FMS in the early 70s, and the first open CNC system in 1987. Because the United States first combined the needs of automobile and bearing production, fully developed a large number of automatic lines required for mass production automation, and the electronics and computer technology are leading in the world, so its CNC machine tools have a solid foundation for the host design, manufacturing and CNC system, and they have always attached importance to it. Scientific research and innovation, so its high-performance CNC machine tool technology has been leading the world. Today’s American production of high-performance CNC machine tools used in aerospace, etc., its lesson is that it focuses on basic scientific research and ignores applied technology. In the 1980s, the government once relaxed the guidance, resulting in a slow increase in the output of CNC machine tools. The less advanced Japan surpassed and imported a lot. Since the 1990s, the past deviations have been corrected, the technology of CNC machine tools has become practical, and the output has gradually increased.
German development
The German government has always attached importance to the important strategic position of the machine tool industry and vigorously supported it in many aspects. After the first CNC machine tool was developed in 1956, Germany paid special attention to scientific experiments, combining theory with practice, and paying equal attention to basic scientific research and applied technology scientific research. The company and the university's scientific research department work closely to conduct in-depth research on the commonality and characteristics of CNC machine tools, and strive for excellence in quality. German CNC machine tools are of good quality and performance, advanced, practical, and genuine, and are exported all over the world. Especially large, heavy, precision CNC machine tools. Germany attaches great importance to the advanced practicality of CNC machine tools and accessories. Its mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, optical, cutting tools, measurement, CNC systems, and various functional components are among the best in the world in terms of quality and performance.
Japanese development
The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of the machine tool industry, and guides the development through planning and regulations (such as "mechanical vibration law", "mechanical and mechanical law", "mechanical information law", etc.). Learn from Germany on the importance of talents and machine tool components, and learn from the United States on quality management and CNC machine tool technology, and even out of blue is better than blue. Since the first CNC machine tool was developed in 1958, its output surpassed that of the United States in 1978, and its output and export volume have consistently ranked first in the world. Strategically imitate first and then create, Mr.'s mid-range CNC machine tools with large and wide output are exported in large quantities, occupying the world's vast market. In the 1980s of the last century, it began to further strengthen scientific research and develop towards high-performance CNC machine tools.
China Development
The machine tool industry, which is the cornerstone of modern industry, is a key issue that cannot be bypassed in the process of industrial economic development. Due to innate deficiencies, China's machine tool industry has been falling behind the mainstream level of foreign high-end machine tool projects in the development of high-end machine tools, and is now catching up. In the process.
China's CNC machine tools are still relatively backward. China's CNC machine tool market is huge. Compared with foreign products, China's gap is mainly in the high-speed, high-efficiency and precision of machine tools. China is in the middle of industrialization, that is, it is gradually transforming from solving shortages to opening up to building an economic power, from poverty alleviation To become rich, a number of high-growth industries based on heavy industries, such as coal, automobiles, steel, real estate, building materials, machinery, electronics, and chemicals, have developed strongly, forming a huge demand for the machine tool market, especially CNC machine tools.
The accelerated transformation of China's machine tool industry faces four major constraints. China's CNC machine tool technology can only achieve five-axis linkage at most, and according to relevant sources, this five-axis is still mostly for show. Almost all of the five-axis and above are imported, and the technology of multi-point linkage is very similar to foreign technology. Big gap.
Intensified international competition in the domestic market: Due to the shrinkage of the mid-to-low-end CNC machine tool market and excess production capacity, coupled with the influx of foreign products at low prices, market competition will further intensify. As high-end products have been dependent on imports for a long time, domestic products are facing severe challenges from international competition.
The technology-leading strategy is shifting to a customer-centric strategy: economic crises often lead to large-scale industrial upgrading and enterprise transformation. The machine tool industry realizes the servitization of the manufacturing industry. The core is to be customer-centric and actively provide customers with what they need. Personalized service. Therefore, it has become the current trend to shift from simply selling products to providing overall solutions, and from being technology-centric to customer-centric.
There is a big contrast between Chinese products and Chinese market demand, and the product structure is in urgent need of rapid adjustment: Although China's machine tool industry has maintained rapid development for many years, the phenomenon of irrational industrial and product structure still exists. The entire industry is large but not strong, and there are still a large number of high-end products. Rely on imports. Although the domestic market share of domestic machine tools has increased to a certain extent, the domestic market share of high-end CNC machine tools and core functional components is still very low, and the entire industry has a huge potential to replace imports.
The technological innovation model of enterprises needs to be improved: as the status, industrialization level and brand influence of China's machine tool enterprises are gradually increasing, to become an industrial power, the acquisition of its technology can no longer rely on others. In the past, China has taken a path from imitation to introduction. From now on, it must take the path of independent innovation. Enterprise technology encounters a new blockade, and the establishment of an independent, new and strategic innovation model of production, education and research is the only way to support the source of technology for product structure adjustment.
China's CNC machine tool industry will continue the momentum of structural adjustment and continue to occupy a larger market with new products and new highlights. According to the cutting method, CNC cutting machine tools can be divided into two categories: flame cutting and plasma cutting. With the continuous improvement of downstream industry demand, greater demand and higher requirements have been put forward for CNC machine tool accessories.
The development of the Northeast region is not fast, and the development of other places is also relatively slow. The third is to adjust the structure and promote the transformation to achieve results. Experts believe that in the face of the financial crisis, the majority of enterprises should continue to adjust their structure, improve quality, increase varieties and promote industrial upgrading. Coupled with the strengthening of management and lower costs, corporate efficiency has improved significantly. The decorative development trend of CNC cutting machine tools can be seen. CNC cutting machine tools are more emphasized in terms of mechanical performance, easy operation, economical price, and stable processing accuracy. Metal material processing increasingly requires popularization and mass production. In addition to satisfying the above-mentioned functionality, CNC cutting machine tools must also have the applicability of multiple cutting methods.
In order to improve their own strength and expand the international market faster, domestic CNC machine tool companies will adopt a variety of methods to speed up the integration with foreign companies to improve product quality and competitiveness. While continuing to develop markets in the United States, Japan and other countries, it is also fully blooming in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Russia, Europe, and Africa. It is understood that the current operation of the metal cutting CNC machine tool industry has the following characteristics: First, it is more difficult for export enterprises. From the point of view of enterprises above designated size, brand-name enterprises that mainly sell domestically have a relatively good momentum of development. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises without a brand is more difficult. The second is that the development of various regions is not balanced. Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Sichuan have developed relatively fast, and the private enterprises in Guangdong have also developed rapidly.
Most companies in the CNC cutting machine tool industry rely on lowering product prices to obtain the market. The consequences are low product prices, low added value, low profits, and companies do not have enough funds for sustainable development. With the development of the industry and the upgrading of competition, improving the technical content of products, owning independent patents and designs, focusing on brand building and marketing is the best choice for long-term development of an enterprise.
China's machine tool industry has achieved sustained ultra-high-speed development in the past few years. Until the first half of 2011, demand was still strong. However, from the second half of the year, demand growth has slowed down significantly, new orders have fallen sharply, and economic benefits have gradually fallen. Increasingly severe, profit margins continue to decline.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the country implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. With technological progress, product upgrades, and the continuous advancement of national key projects and local investment projects, the level of demand for machine tool products in various industries in the national economy Will be further improved, the modernization of national defense will have more urgent demand for high-level machine tools, market demand will develop to a higher level, and the new round of market competition will become more intense.
Due to the downturn in the industry and the declining demand for machine tools by downstream manufacturing enterprises, my country's machine tool industry has been in a downturn. Upgrading and transformation has become the key word of the industry. Economical CNC machine tools have become one of the key points for the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry.
my country's foundry machine tool industry has made certain achievements, but its development still faces many restrictive problems. Technological innovation has always been a flaw in the domestic foundry machine tool industry. Compared with foreign foundry machine tool industry, my country's foundry machine tool industry is obviously lagging behind in the level of manufacturing technology, which makes it have obvious deficiencies in the technical level and operating speed of core operating components, product accuracy retention, and machine tool reliability. .
my country's foundry machine tool enterprises lack the awareness and ability of independent innovation and basic theoretical research, which restricts the development of my country's foundry machine tool technology. To change this situation, it is necessary to in-depth study the characteristics and requirements of the user industry's product technology, and develop in accordance with the process characteristics To produce high-level processing equipment, at the same time, we must also pay attention to the research of basic theoretical work, so that my country's foundry machine tool industry can have a better development in the near future. The state has issued a series of policies to vigorously build emerging enterprises and high-tech enterprises. Seizing this opportunity, the enterprise has introduced a series of policies such as "adjustment and revitalization" and "independent innovation" to upgrade enterprise machine tool technology and strictly guarantee products. Quality provides a good environment and market for accelerating the development of the foundry machine tool industry.
The machine tool industry is a national basic and strategic industry. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the independent innovation strategy has been clearly regarded as the most important component, and it has emphasized the need to use technological innovation projects to support and lead the development of the industry. The development of my country's machine tool industry must be based on independent innovation, and achieve key technological breakthroughs and industrial upgrades through independent research and development of original innovation, introduction of technology digestion, absorption and re-innovation, and integration of existing technology innovations. Construct and improve a technological innovation system that is enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, and a combination of industry, academia, research and application; insist on increasing investment in research and development; strengthen research on key technologies and common technologies, and strive to make breakthroughs in basic and common technology research , Improve the technical level of product development.
