Mechanical equipment requires maintenance, and the same goes for machine tools. As a manufacturing machine, machine tools play an important role in metal processing. Only by maintaining the machine tools well can they maximize their efficiency in production. For machine tool maintenance, machine tool lubrication is essential. Lubricating oil can not only reduce mechanical friction, but also cool, seal and prevent leakage, prevent corrosion, shock-absorbing and cleaning, and increase the service life of machine tools. Various benefits illustrate the great role of lubrication and maintenance.
1. Inventory of machine tool lubrication methods
There are many ways to lubricate machine tools, the common ones are manual lubrication, dripping lubrication, oil rope lubrication, oil pad lubrication, self-priming lubrication, centrifugal lubrication, oil bath lubrication, oil ring lubrication, splash lubrication, scraper lubrication, Roller lubrication, spray lubrication, manual pump oil lubrication, pressure cycle lubrication, automatic timing and quantitative lubrication, oil mist lubrication, etc.
The choice of machine tool lubrication method should be determined based on a comprehensive consideration of the structure of the machine tool, degree of automation, working conditions of the machine tool, and precision requirements. Machine tool lubrication should strive to avoid temperature rise and vibration while reducing wear and consumption. .
2. Precautions for machine tool lubrication
1. The main parts in machine tools are mostly typical mechanical parts, which are standardized, universal and have a high degree of serialization. For example, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, gears, worm gear pairs, rolling and sliding guide rails, screw transmission pairs (screw nut pairs), clutches, hydraulic systems, cams, etc., the lubrication conditions are different.
2. Environmental conditions for use of machine tools: Machine tools are usually installed and used in indoor environments. The maximum ambient temperature in summer is 40°C. In winter, when the temperature is lower than 0°C, heating is often used to keep the ambient temperature higher than 5-10°C. High-precision machine tools require a constant temperature and air-conditioned environment, generally around 20°C. However, due to the high precision requirements and high degree of automation of many machine tools, the requirements for the viscosity, oxidation resistance (service life) and oil cleanliness of the lubricating oil are stricter.
3. Working conditions of machine tools: Different types of machine tools with different specifications and sizes, even on the same machine tool, have very different working conditions due to different conditions of the workpieces to be processed. Lubrication requirements vary. For example, the grinding wheel spindle bearings of high-speed internal grinders have very different requirements for lubrication methods and lubricants than the heavy-duty, low-speed spindle bearings of heavy-duty machine tools. The former requires lubrication using an oil mist or oil/air lubrication system and uses lower viscosity lubricants, while the latter requires lubrication using an oil bath or pressure circulation lubrication system and uses higher viscosity oils.
4. The adaptability of lubricating oil and lubricating coolant, rubber seals, paint materials, etc.: Lubricating coolant is used in most machine tools. In lubricating oil, the coolant is often mixed into the oil, causing the oil to emulsify and deteriorate. Rust on the machine parts, etc. will cause the rubber seals to expand and deform, causing bubbles and peeling of the paint coating on the surface of the parts. Therefore, consider the adaptability of oil and lubricating coolant, rubber seals, paint materials, prevention of oil leakage, etc. Especially with the improvement of machine tool automation, general-purpose lubricating/cooling oil is used in some automated and CNC machine tools, which can be used as both lubricating oil and lubricating coolant.
