We are in an era of rapid change, with rapid development of science and technology, and the pace of new material technology renewal is also getting faster and faster. A single material can hardly meet the requirements of human beings for various comprehensive indicators, and material composites have become an inevitable trend. Composite materials are booming under this trend, and the market size is growing rapidly. At the same time, the environmentally friendly characteristics of materials such as green, low-carbon, high-performance, and renewable recycling are gradually valued. So, which materials have development potential in the minds of industry insiders? Today, let's take a look at the 7 most promising composite materials.
High performance carbon fiber and its composite materials High performance carbon fiber and its composite materials As the "king of lightweight", carbon fiber has a density of less than 1/4 of steel and a strength of 5 to 7 times that of steel. It also has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, friction resistance, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. The main use of carbon fiber is to be used as a reinforcing material and composited with resin, metal, ceramic and carbon to manufacture advanced composite materials. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite materials have the highest specific strength and specific modulus among existing engineering materials. The diameter of carbon fiber is only 5 microns, which is equivalent to one tenth to one twelfth of a hair, but its strength is more than 4 times that of aluminum alloy. Compared with aluminum alloy structural parts, carbon fiber composite materials can reduce weight by 20%~40%; compared with steel metal parts, carbon fiber composite materials can reduce weight by 60%~80%.
High performance para aramid fibers and its composite materials Para aramid fiber is an extremely important strategic material. Its strength is 5~6 times that of steel wire, its specific modulus is 2~3 times that of steel or glass fiber, its toughness is 2 times that of steel, and its weight is only about 1/5 of that of steel. It can be used as a load-bearing structural material, as well as a functional material for heat protection, ablation resistance, and corrosion resistance. It is currently one of the world's largest organic fibers with high modulus, high strength, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and light weight. High performance para aramid fibers and their composite materials are mainly used in optical fiber reinforcement, automotive industry, aerospace, electrical equipment, rail transportation, military protection, sports goods, new energy and other fields. In recent years, my country's research and development of para aramid fibers has been fruitful, and technical barriers have been continuously broken.
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and its composite materialsUltra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and its composite materials are known as the world's three major high-tech fibers together with carbon fiber and aramid fiber. It is the fiber with the highest specific strength and specific modulus in the world. It is a fiber spun from polyethylene with a molecular weight of 1 million to 5 million. In view of its light weight, high strength, and high specific energy absorption, it has gradually replaced aramid fiber and become the preferred fiber in the field of individual bulletproof.
Carbon/carbon composite materialsCarbon/carbon composite materials are carbon-based composite materials reinforced by carbon fiber and its fabric. They have outstanding characteristics such as light weight, good ablation resistance, good thermal shock resistance, high high temperature strength, and strong designability. They are considered to be one of the most promising high-temperature materials. Due to their unique properties, carbon/carbon composite materials have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry, medicine and other fields, such as rocket engine nozzles and their throat linings, space shuttle end caps and thermal protection systems of wing leading edges, aircraft brake discs, etc.
Basalt fiber reinforced composite materialBasalt fiber reinforced composite materialBasalt fiber has high strength and stiffness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and is also very light. Compared with other composite materials, it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly, and is known as the "green industrial material" of the 21st century. It has high application value in aerospace, military industry, road traffic and other fields.
Carbon/ceramic composite materialCarbon/ceramic composite material has the advantages of high strength, high modulus, high hardness, impact resistance, oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, and light specific gravity of high-performance ceramics. It is a new type of high-temperature structural material and functional material that can meet the use of 1650℃. At the same time, carbon/ceramic composite materials also overcome the shortcomings of general ceramic materials such as high brittleness and single function, and are recognized as one of the ideal high-temperature structural materials and friction materials.
Carbon/ceramic composite materials are widely used in aerospace, national defense, military industry, energy, automobiles, high-speed trains and other fields. It is recognized as the most ideal high-temperature structural material and friction material in the new generation of aircraft and automobile brake materials, and is also known as the highest level of brake material performance at present.
Metal matrix composite Metal matrix composite is a composite material that is artificially combined with metal and its alloy as the matrix and one or more metal or non-metal reinforcements. It is an important branch of modern composite materials. Its characteristics in terms of mechanics are high transverse and shear strength, good comprehensive mechanical properties such as toughness and fatigue, and also have the advantages of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, wear resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, good damping, no moisture absorption, no aging and no pollution. Due to its excellent performance, it is widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronics and machinery manufacturing industries.
