Any industry is a process from scratch, especially for our machinery industry. After studying theoretical knowledge for several years in university, it is often easy to make mistakes when we first enter the workplace. After all, when we study, we only consider the theory Can it be implemented? When it is time to work, it will be taken to the workshop for processing.
What if something goes wrong? What should I do if I cause losses to the company?
In fact, there is no need to worry about newcomers who are new to the industry. As long as you understand the nine core "hidden rules" of design, everyone will only walk wider and wider on the road of mechanical design.
Worship imitation as a teacher, learn from imitation, and constantly improve
Usually, 80-90% of the designs are created by imitating and synthesizing existing technologies. Make the most of the experience of others and the past and make it work for you and keep improving.
Be obsessed with design
Designers must have an aesthetic view, a view of stability, and be able to distinguish between beautiful and unbeautiful products, stable and unstable. Secondly, designers should put themselves in the shoes of users and experience from the standpoint of users. Confidence comes from being obsessed with design, like a lover who is obsessed with design, exerting all energy and talent, this is the foundation of confidence, and the secret of conquering users and being liked by users.
Shape and structure arise from forces
The machine products are all working under load, and the design is based on the strength of the weakest part, the loading situation is checked, and the force analysis is used as the background. (In the design of electronic equipment products: plastic parts are mainly checked for stiffness, and metal parts are mainly checked for strength)
Drawings are more important than theories, and facts are more important than drawings
Designers must use designed drawings to express their thoughts. Drawings reasonably deal with theoretical and engineering issues, which means that drawings are more important than theory; reality is the source of designers. When they hear that they cannot be manufactured according to drawings or users’ opinions, It should be taken seriously and should not be hasty.
After using it, you can understand it more deeply
The in-factory test is qualified, but there will be problems in actual use, because the conditions of the user's site are different from those of the manufacturer; workers may not have mastered the essentials of operation, and maintenance is inconvenient. Therefore, the design should not only be satisfied with the original goals and requirements, but also collect information at the site of use, find various problems, improve the design, ensure product quality, maintain normal production, reduce costs, and reduce consumption.
Don't blindly pursue high precision
The failure of normal assembly due to large errors in assembly is often the source of wrangling and complaints between the processing workshop and the design department, so the designers narrow the tolerance range. The cost of the product rises according to the geometric progression of precision. If the designer is slightly negligent, the cost may rise in a straight line. Several parts that meet the accuracy may not necessarily be installed, which is a problem of size chain. Reserve an adjustment position in a certain link of the dimensional chain, and temporarily process it after assembly to achieve the assembly purpose, and the accuracy is not necessarily set very strictly. The design should ensure that the product is reliable in use, easy to operate, easy to manufacture, and easy to maintain. To do this, you need to exercise hard and study hard, which is by no means a day's work.
Multi-purpose standard parts, common parts
The machinery manufacturing industry has become more and more specialized. If you want to manufacture everything in your own factory, this is neither economical nor outdated. When designing a new product, common parts and standard parts should be used as much as possible. This can not only shorten the production cycle, but also facilitate interchange and reduce costs. With the continuous development of industry, specialization will inevitably develop vigorously. Designers should understand the development of specialization, and be familiar with the general parts, standard parts and other components that the market can provide, so as to make correct choices.
Avoid flashy, prevent complacency
Both pomp and complacency in design are harmful to design work. The former tends to happen to young designers, while the latter tends to come from old designers.
Ignore the constraints of reality, such as delivery date, cost, material supply, equipment capacity, processing assembly, maintenance capacity, etc., and blindly design according to their own ideas, the hope of success is very small, fledgling designers have a newborn calf not afraid The vitality of the tiger, longing to fly freely with its wings, is good, it is vigor, and should be maintained and carried forward, but it should face up to the reality, avoid flashy, and avoid wasting energy and time. But experienced people cannot bow down at the feet of past experience, so that they will not have the courage to take risks and stand still.
Technology is constantly improving, and product competition is constantly going on, which requires designers to constantly explore and design good products. Things are changing. What used to be an obstacle to progress may have become a condition that can be exploited. The key to preventing stagnation lies in learning. Designers must keep this in mind and learn as they live. Past experience is valuable, and it is valuable because you use your own aggressiveness to obtain it. Aggressiveness is a sword that overcomes thorns and forges ahead in career, and the sword should shine forever.
One makes three
As the saying goes: If there is one, there are three. If something goes wrong with the product, and it is not handled carefully, there will often be a situation where one has three. When a problem arises, instead of careful investigation and in-depth analysis, subjective assumptions and mishandling will lead to problems again and again.
Design is the basis of production. The product must go through trial production to test the design and test all production preparations so that production can proceed smoothly. If production changes frequently, the production cycle, product quality, and manufacturing cost will be greatly affected. It is greatly affected by the design, so it is necessary to limit the design changes to a minimum, and the changes must be decisive, rapid and thorough, and the problems should be foresighted to eliminate accidents before they happen. To sum up, the problem cannot be taken lightly, and the root cause of the problem must be found.
Inheritance is a shortcut to design
There are two types of design, one is a new design without experience to follow, and the other is a design using data or experience, which is usually referred to as an inherited design.
A drawing has to go through a lot of tests, and the more tested the drawing is, the more valuable it is. The record of proprietary changes on the drawing indicates the footprints of a part or even a product in practice, which can reflect factors such as structure, material, size, Changes and problems in tolerance, processing, measurement assembly, testing, etc. are extremely precious information in design. Those who are interested will definitely cherish this experience and effectively use it as experience and information for new product design.
Late drawings equal waste paper
Designers should pay special attention to the lead time of the product. Why is delivery time important?
1) Manufacturers should make their production progress meet the requirements of users as much as possible, and product design is an important part of the entire production process.
2) The service life cycle of products is shortening day by day. In order to keep ahead, the speed of technology update should be accelerated.
3) Whether the production has a rhythm will have an impact on product quality and cost. If the drawing is late, the production has to be rushed, and the delivery is hasty, especially the inspection and experiment of the product before leaving the factory are not sufficient, so that the product often has unexpected problems, which leads to customer dissatisfaction and distrust.
4) The late drawing is the main reason for the contradiction between the real object and the drawing. In order to catch up with the production schedule, the official drawings cannot be obtained to process the products, and it is inevitable that they do not match the drawings.
In addition, design is different from other work. It is a conceived and deliberate work. It may not be carried out strictly according to the schedule in advance, but it must be carried out according to the schedule. This requires more preparations, more accumulation, and more soldiers. Thousands of days, use of troops for a while, some measures to save design time should also be taken, such as using white drawings or size tables. Too often new designs are shelved, the result of missed timing.
Now there is PERT (programeval_ruationandReviewTechnique, the estimation and approval technology of design workload), which is an effective management method for design drawing or delivery date, and designers should master it as soon as possible.
If you don't understand, keep it as it is
When designing a product, it is often necessary to refer to products or materials produced by other factories. There are often some questions, such as: "Why is this design here?", or "It will be better to change it", etc. It's not good, it's prone to failure, and it's already too late for this one.
These problems are caused by lack of experience and insufficient information, and experience and information do not come immediately, but rely on accumulation. Where you feel suspicious about the imitated thing, but you are not sure what the problem is, in order to prevent the painting tiger from becoming an anti-dog, it is best not to touch it first, and study it later. It is impossible for us to foresee all the problems, so we must respect the accumulated experience of our predecessors.
Effective use of the original design
If you want to modify someone else's design, you must first understand the idea and principles of the design. Don't make large-scale changes hastily, and don't change east or west hastily. This is often self-defeating. It's more about the design, if it can't achieve 20~35% benefit, don't change it.
Only 5~6% benefit, I am afraid it can only compensate for the money spent on changing the design. When changing the design, we should also take into account the situation of finished products and semi-finished products, and make use of them as much as possible. There must be reasons for changing the design, but the impact on production and possible new contradictions should still be considered.
Sometimes it is found that the original design principles are wrong and must be completely changed. At this time, the leader of the design has a heavy responsibility. Whether to push it to a new start or to make allowances must take a comprehensive look at the overall situation and make a decisive decision.
The career path is not smooth, but knowing the above-mentioned "hidden rules" can save us from detours.
As a newcomer in the machinery industry, I hope everyone can pay attention to the experience summed up by these predecessors, so that we can get twice the result with half the effort in our work.
