The control principle of CNC machine tools as I understand it. A CNC machine tool is a highly automated machine tool. It is basically the same as an ordinary machine tool in terms of processing technology and surface forming method. The most fundamental difference between the two lies in the principle and method of automatic control. The CNC machine tool uses digital information to realize automatic control. The information related to the processed parts—the size parameters (such as feed) of the relative motion path of the workpiece and the tool, and the technological parameters of the cutting process (such as the main motion and the feed motion) Speed, back-grabbing amount, etc.) and various auxiliary operations (main movement speed change, tool replacement, cutting fluid opening and stopping, clamping and unclamping of the workpiece, etc.), etc., using a code composed of prescribed words, numbers and symbols, Compile a processing program sheet according to a certain format, and then input the processing program into the numerical control device. After analysis and processing by the numerical control device, various signals and instructions corresponding to the program are sent out to control the machine tool for automatic processing. The principle and process of the digital control are completed by the various components of the above-mentioned numerical control machine tool.
2. The characteristics of CNC machine tools summarized in actual parts processing. CNC machine tools are increasingly widely used in the machinery manufacturing industry at noon, and their characteristics are as follows:
(1) It can adapt to the automatic processing of different parts. The CNC machine tool is automatically processed in accordance with the CNC program of the processed part. When changing the machining parts, as long as the NC program is changed, there is no need to change the special process equipment such as cams, masters, templates or drilling dies. Therefore, its production preparation cycle is short, which is conducive to the upgrading of mechanical products.
(2) The production efficiency and processing precision are high, and the processing quality is stable. Numerically controlled machine tools can use a larger amount of cutting, effectively saving man-hours. Functions such as automatic speed change, automatic tool change and other auxiliary operation automation greatly shorten the auxiliary time, and do not require inter-process inspection and measurement, so the productivity is 3 to 4 times higher than that of ordinary machine tools, or even higher. At the same time, due to the high accuracy of the CNC machine tool itself, software can also be used for accuracy correction and compensation; and the CNC machine tool automatically processes parts according to the CNC program, which can avoid human errors, not only has high machining accuracy, but also has stable quality.
(3) The processing of complex surface parts can be completed with high efficiency and high quality.
(4) The process is centralized, and one machine has multiple functions. CNC machine tools, especially CNC machine tools with automatic tool change, can almost complete all parts processing in one clamping, which can reduce clamping errors and save auxiliary time such as transportation, measurement and clamping between processes. It can also save the area of the machine tool and bring higher economic benefits. One CNC machine tool can replace several ordinary machine tools.
(5) CNC machine tool is a kind of high-tech equipment, which leads to high price of CNC machine tool and requires personnel with high technical level to operate and maintain. Nevertheless, the economic benefits of using CNC machine tools are still very high.
