High speed, precision, compound, intelligence and green are the general trends in the development of CNC machine tool technology, and gratifying achievements have been made in practicality and industrialization. Mainly manifested in:
1. Further expansion of machine tool compound technology. With the advancement of CNC machine tool technology, compound processing technology is becoming more and more mature, including milling-turning compounding, turning-milling compounding, turning-boring-drilling-gear processing and other compounding, turning and grinding compounding, forming compounding processing, special For compound processing, the precision and efficiency of compound processing are greatly improved. The concepts of "a machine tool is a processing plant" and "one-time installation, complete processing" are being accepted by more people, and the development of compound processing machine tools is showing a diversified trend.
2. There are new breakthroughs in the intelligent technology of CNC machine tools, which have been more reflected in the performance of the CNC system. Such as: automatic adjustment of interference and anti-collision function, workpiece automatically exits the safe area after power failure, power-off protection function, processing part detection and automatic compensation learning function, high-precision processing part intelligent parameter selection function, automatic elimination of machine vibration during processing, etc. In the practical stage, intelligence has improved the function and quality of the machine tool.
3. The robot makes the flexible combination more efficient. The flexible combination of the robot and the host is widely used, which makes the flexible line more flexible, the function is further expanded, the flexible line is further shortened, and the efficiency is higher. Robots and machining centers, turning-milling compound machine tools, grinders, gear processing machine tools, tool grinders, electrical processing machine tools, sawing machines, stamping machine tools, laser processing machine tools, water cutting machine tools and other forms of flexible units and flexible production lines have begun to be applied.
4. New advances in precision machining technology The machining accuracy of CNC metal cutting machine tools has been upgraded from the original silk level (0.01mm) to micron level (0.001mm), and some varieties have reached about 0.05μm. The micro-cutting and grinding of ultra-precision CNC machine tools can achieve a stable accuracy of about 0.05μm and a shape accuracy of about 0.01μm. The precision of special processing using optical, electrical, chemical and other energy sources can reach nanometer level (0.001μm). Through the optimization of machine tool structure design, super-finishing and precise assembly of machine tool parts, the use of high-precision full closed-loop control and temperature, vibration and other dynamic error compensation technologies to improve the geometric accuracy of machine tool processing, reduce form and position errors, surface roughness, etc. , Thus entering the era of sub-micron and nano-level super finishing.
5. The performance of functional components continues to improve. Functional components continue to develop in the direction of high speed, high precision, high power and intelligence, and have achieved mature applications. Fully digital AC servo motors and driving devices, high-tech electric spindles, torque motors, linear motors, high-performance linear rolling components, high-precision spindle units and other functional components are popularized and applied, which greatly improves the technical level of CNC machine tools.
Development issues
The domestic demand for CNC machine tools is increasing, and the development of CNC machine tools has promoted the innovation and upgrading of CNC machine tool functional components. The key functional component industry of my country's high-end CNC machine tools cannot meet domestic needs. The domestic CNC functional component industry mainly has the following problems.
1. Adaptability and satisfaction are far from the market demand
Judging from the current development trend of CNC machine tools in my country, the adaptability and satisfaction of domestic functional components are far from reaching market needs. Mainly manifested in:
1) There is a certain gap between the product level of functional components in my country and foreign countries. Most of the functional components produced in my country are mainly labor-intensive and have low technical content, which makes it difficult to adapt to the development speed and technical requirements of domestic CNC machine tools, especially high-end CNC machine tools.
2) my country's functional component development capabilities are relatively weak, and the speed of new product development is slow. Most functional components need to be developed, co-produced, joint ventures, or even assembled with foreign countries. Although the situation has changed significantly in the past two years, my country is still in the process of developing high-tech and latest functional components, and the market share prospects are still not optimistic.
2. The small scale of my country's CNC functional component manufacturers
According to statistics, there are more than 70 functional component manufacturers with fixed assets of more than 10 million yuan in my country, accounting for less than 10% of all manufacturers. There are four kinds of "origins" in my country's functional component manufacturers: one is the enterprise developed from research institutes, colleges and universities with technical support, which can be called "institute type". The characteristics of these enterprises are: they have a certain technological foundation and talent foundation, and have a number of technological development potentials, but the production methods are weak, it is difficult to form an industrial scale in a short time, and there are some gaps in cost, marketing, and services; The second is an enterprise that is gradually "independent" and "separated" from the main engine factory and developed mainly to produce certain functional components, which can be called the "main factory type". These enterprises can adapt to market demand in terms of production capacity, technological level and use experience, and can form a scale to a certain extent. However, due to their inextricably linked connections with the original OEMs, they often make users doubtful in competition. Affects its market development, and at the same time, its development capabilities have certain limitations, so it is difficult to form a famous brand; third, a large number of private enterprises have emerged in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which can be called "private enterprise type." These companies are mainly labor-intensive and single-variety, such as chain guards, carriages, fuel injection pipes, chip conveyors, and lighting equipment. Due to the fierce competition, its quality and price can meet the market needs of medium and low-end CNC machine tools. Although these kinds of high-end products cannot be manufactured yet, and they still need to be imported, they are to a large extent adapted to the overall needs of the development of CNC machine tools in my country; there are also some foreign joint ventures or wholly-owned enterprises that produce high-level functional components. However, the batch size is small and there is no independent technological development capability, so it is difficult to become the main body and mainstream of functional components.
3. A large number of core components rely on imports
The development of China's CNC machine tool industry is eye-catching. In 2008, China's CNC machine tool industry completed a total industrial output value of 3472.3 billion yuan, and a product sales output value of 334.83 billion yuan, an increase of 27.5% and 26.0% year-on-year respectively. From 2002 to 2008, China was the world's largest consumer and importer of machine tools. However, behind the rapid development of the industry, a fact that cannot be ignored is that the production of key parts and components in my country is still controlled by others, resulting in low profits and lack of core competitiveness in products.
4. Lack of high-tech content threatens industrial security
my country's machine tool exports have maintained a gratifying trend for years, but the embarrassment of "increasing volume and decreasing price" directly reflects our technological level. The lack of a large number of core technologies and the dependence on key components directly affect the safety of my country's machine tool industry. Therefore, we need to strengthen the awareness of early warning work, gather industry wisdom and strength, and maintain industry safety
