Standards are often divided into: international standards, regional standards, national standards, professional/industry standards, local standards, and enterprise standards according to the scope of use. According to the content, it can be divided into: basic standards, product standards, auxiliary product standards, raw material standards, and method standards. According to the degree of maturity, it is divided into: statutory standards, recommended standards, trial standards, and draft standards.
standard system
The standard system is a scientific organic whole formed by standards within a certain range according to their internal relations. All standards related to the realization of a country's standardization purpose can form a country's standard system; standards related to the realization of a certain product's standardization purpose can form the standard system of that product.
standard
The constituent unit of the standard system is the standard. Standards refer to normative documents formulated through consensus to ensure products, services and processes.
In the material industry, standards play the most important communication role between production, manufacturing and sales. Whether it is a production plant, a distributor, or a user or user of a final product, the understanding of a certain type or a certain material is based on standards, and each country has corresponding implementation standards for these products.
Today we summarize the common standard system for American materials.
Common standards are introduced below:
ANSI American National Standard
Introduction
Founded in 1918, the American National Standards Institute is a non-profit non-governmental standardization organization. In fact, it has become a national standardization center, and standardization activities from all walks of life revolve around it. ANSI standards are widely used in the entire industry. The association itself does not formulate standards, but selects a part of the standards from other standardization organizations and publishes them as national standards. The standard number adopts double numbers such as ANSI/ASTM, and the grade uses another number standard. grade. At present, nearly 300 standardization organizations in the United States have been recognized by ANSI.
Methodological rules
Voting survey method: invite experts or professional groups to vote, and submit the results to the ANSI-designed standard review meeting for approval;
Committee method: Representatives of ANSI technical committees and other organizational committees draft standard drafts, voted by all committee members, and finally reviewed and approved by the standard review committee.
From the standards specified by various professional societies and associations, the more mature standards that have universal significance to the whole country will be upgraded to national standards after being reviewed by ANSI technical committees.
AMS American Aerospace Material Specification
Introduction
AMS is an aerospace material specification, mainly for the aviation and aerospace industry. This standard is applied to the design and production of aerospace vehicle parts and systems, as well as government procurement. From 1939 to 2002, the Aeronautical Materials Branch of SAE in the United States has issued 2,450 AMS standards, which stem from the demand for general material specifications for industrial production from both the supply and demand sides.
standard features
The types of AMS standards are roughly divided into 3 categories:
Metal material product specification;
Specifications for non-metallic materials;
Process specification.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
Introduction
ASTM is the world's largest resource-based standard-setting organization. It is the abbreviation of AMERCAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. The society is an unofficial organization engaged in the standardization of industrial raw materials. It was founded in 1896 and is headquartered in Philadelphia is one of the oldest and largest academic societies in the United States. More than 140 technical committees participate in the development of ASTM standards. More than 12,000 standards are currently published, covering steel, paint, plastics, textiles, petroleum, construction, environmental electronics, equipment, advanced materials, etc. widely accepted by the world.
type
ASTM publishes six different product standards, defined as:
A. Test Method: The established procedure for testing.
B. Practice: A defined set of instructions for performing one or more specific actions unrelated to test results.
C. Specification: The requirements that a material, product, system or service needs to meet.
D. Classification: The systematic arrangement/division of materials, products, systems or services according to similar characteristics such as origin, composition, properties or uses.
E. Guidance: Information about a range of other options, other than a specific recommended course of action.
F. Terminology: Definition of terms and explanation of symbols, abbreviations or acronyms.
Numbering rules
ASTM standards are represented by standard code + letter classification code + standard serial number + formulation year + standard English name.
For example:
ASTM A 915/915M 2003
