1. Screen printing
Screen printing is to stretch silk fabric, synthetic fiber fabric or metal screen on the screen frame, and make the screen printing plate by hand-carving paint film or photochemical plate making. Modern screen printing technology uses photosensitive materials to make screen printing plates by photoengraving (making the screen holes of the image part of the screen printing plate through holes, and the screen holes of the non-image part are blocked). During printing, the ink is transferred to the substrate through the mesh holes of the image part through the extrusion of the scraper, forming the same image as the original. Screen printing equipment is simple and easy to operate. Printing and plate making are simple and low-cost, and have strong adaptability. Screen printing has a wide range of applications. Common printed products include: color oil paintings, posters, business cards, binding covers, product labels, and printed and dyed textiles.
2. Pad printing
Pad printing is one of the special printing methods. Pad printing is very simple. It uses a steel (or copper, thermoplastic) gravure and a curved pad head made of silicone rubber. The ink on the gravure is dipped onto the surface of the pad head, and then pressed against the surface of the required object to print text, patterns, etc. For example, the text and patterns on the surface of mobile phones are printed in this way, and the surface printing of many electronic products such as computer keyboards, instruments, and meters are all completed by pad printing.
3. Curved surface printing
Curved surface printing is to first put the ink into the gravure engraved with text or patterns, then copy the text or pattern onto the curved surface, and then use the curved surface to transfer the text or pattern to the surface of the molded product, and finally cure the ink by heat treatment or ultraviolet light irradiation.
4. Etching printing process
The etching process is to print a layer of uneven translucent ink on a smooth substrate such as gold and silver cardboard, and then use a special ultraviolet light (UV) light source for light curing to produce an artistic effect similar to the etching or frosting of the metal surface. Etching printing is one of the newest printing technologies in the world. Etching prints have infinite charm, with a sense of peculiarity, freshness, three-dimensionality and artistic quality. The biggest feature of etching printing is that after printing, it will not cover the color of the substrate itself, and has exquisite and transparent appreciation value.
5. Lithographic process
Since the graphic part and the non-graphic part of the lithographic printing are on the same plane, during printing, in order to enable the ink to distinguish the pattern part or the non-pattern part of the printing plate, the principle of oil-water separation is used. First, the water supply device of the printing plate component supplies water to the non-graphic part of the printing plate, thereby protecting the non-graphic part of the printing plate from being soaked by ink. Then, the ink supply device of the printing component supplies ink to the printing plate. Since the non-graphic part of the printing plate is protected by water, the ink can only be supplied to the graphic part of the printing plate. Finally, the ink on the printing plate is transferred to the latex, and then the pressure between the rubber roller and the impression cylinder is used to transfer the ink on the latex to the substrate to complete a printing. Therefore, lithography is an indirect printing method.
6. Hot stamping (lettering) Hot stamping, also known as "gilding", has a long history in my country. It refers to the hot stamping of text and patterns of materials such as colored foil on the cover of a hardcover book or the back of the book, or the hot pressing method to emboss various convex and concave book titles or patterns.
7. Electroplated aluminum hot stamping Electroplated aluminum hot stamping is a printing decoration process that uses the principle of hot pressing transfer to transfer the aluminum layer in electroplated aluminum to the surface of the substrate, and transfers the text and pattern to the surface of the plastic product at a certain temperature. Its advantage is that this method does not require surface treatment, and color printing can be performed using a simple device. Products with metallic luster such as gold and silver can also be printed.
8. Water transfer technology Water transfer technology is a type of printing that uses water pressure to hydrolyze transfer paper/plastic film with colored patterns. The process includes the production of water transfer printing paper, soaking of flower paper, pattern transfer, drying and finished products.
9. IMD
In-Mold Decoration (in-mold decoration technology) can be divided into IMR, IML and IMF according to its production and processing methods. IMR (In-Mold Roller) is an in-mold decoration technology that transfers the ink attached to the film to the product appearance through injection molding, and then removes the film through the mold opening process. ML (In-Mold Labeling) is a labeling technology that inserts the printed and cut appearance label into the mold manually or by a robot, and then attaches it to the appearance of the finished product through injection molding.
ML (IN MOLDING LABEL)
IMR (IN MOLDING ROLLER)
10. Mechanical polishing
Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that obtains a smooth surface by cutting and plastic deformation of the material surface to remove the raised part after polishing. Generally, oilstone strips, wool wheels and sandpaper are used. It is mainly manual operation. Special parts such as the surface of a rotating body can use auxiliary tools such as a turntable. For high surface quality requirements, ultra-fine grinding and polishing methods can be used. Ultra-fine polishing uses a special grinding tool, which is pressed tightly against the workpiece surface in a working fluid containing abrasives and rotates at high speed. This technology can achieve a surface roughness of Ra0.008μm, which is the highest among various polishing methods. Optical lens molds often use this method.
11. Electrolytic polishing
Electrolytic polishing uses the workpiece to be polished as the anode and the insoluble metal as the cathode. The two electrodes are immersed in the electrolytic tank at the same time, and a direct current ionization reaction is passed to produce selective anode dissolution, thereby achieving the effect of removing fine burrs on the surface of the workpiece and increasing the brightness.
12. Chemical polishing
Chemical polishing is a method of eliminating wear marks and etching and leveling by selectively dissolving the uneven areas on the surface of the sample with chemical reagents.
13. Etching
Etching is a technology that removes materials by chemical reaction or physical impact. Etching technology can be divided into two categories: wet etching and dry etching. Etching, also known as photochemical etching, refers to the removal of the protective film of the area to be etched after exposure and development, and the contact with chemical solution during etching to achieve the effect of dissolution and corrosion, forming a concave-convex or hollow-out effect.
14. 3D diamond carving
3D diamond carving refers to the use of diamond tools to process the metal surface, and the traces left by the rotation of diamond tools on the metal surface. This process can be used not only in the field of finishing of general products, but also in the field of mold manufacturing.
15. High-light oxidation
High-light oxidation uses anodizing and mirror polishing to give the product surface a high-light effect.
16. Electrophoretic coating technology
Electrophoretic coating technology is a coating method that uses an external electric field to make particles such as pigments and resins suspended in the electrophoretic liquid migrate in a directional manner and deposit on the substrate surface of one of the electrodes. Electrophoretic coating is a special coating formation method developed in the past 30 years.
18. Powder coating
Powder coating uses the effect of high-voltage electrodes. When the powder particles pass through this ion cloud, they absorb negative ions and become negatively charged. Powder coating can reduce environmental pollution, effectively reduce costs, and increase production capacity.
19. Optical coating technology
Optical coating technology refers to the process of coating a layer (or multiple layers) of metal (or dielectric) film on the surface of optical parts. The purpose is to reduce or increase the reflection, beam splitting, color separation, light filtering, and polarization of light. The common method is to coat the film on the glass substrate by vacuum sputtering.
20. Nanoimprint technology
Nanoimprint technology uses mechanical means to transfer patterns. Nanoimprint technology has the technical advantages of ultra-high resolution, easy mass production, low cost, and high consistency. It is considered to be a processing method that is expected to replace existing photolithography technology.
19. Hot stamping technology
Hot stamping technology is a printing decoration process that transfers the aluminum layer in electroplated aluminum to the surface of the substrate, using the principle of hot pressing transfer to form a special metal effect.
20. Embossing process
Metal sheets are rolled with working rollers with patterns, and the working rollers are usually processed with erosion liquid. The depth of the concave and convex on the plate varies depending on the pattern, and the minimum can reach 0.02~0.03MM. Aluminum embossing is a process of rolling and other processes on aluminum sheets. As a result, various patterns are formed on the surface of the aluminum sheet. Embossing aluminum sheets are mainly used in packaging, integrated ceilings and building curtain walls.
21. Vinyl chloride (VCM) laminated board process
VCM laminated board process refers to the process of compounding PVC film on the metal surface and firmly combining it. It is also called PVC laminated board, or PET/PVC film colored steel plate. VCM has excellent processability, surface decoration, corrosion resistance and scratch resistance. The film material on the surface of the laminated board has the characteristics of being printable, and can show different effects such as a variety of colors/tactile textures.
22. PCM pre-coated board process
It refers to pre-coating on the metal sheet, that is, spraying paint on the metal surface. Pre-coated plates have the advantages of rich colors, high production efficiency, fast turnover, and environmental protection and pollution-free. The application field has expanded from the original blinds to building exterior walls, interior decoration, transportation, and home appliance exterior decoration.
23. Surface hardening technology
Refers to the treatment of hardening the surface of parts by appropriate methods while the core of the parts still has strong toughness. PMMA is an organic material with relatively low hardness and is more prone to scratches, so the surface must be hardened. This process is called PMMA acrylic surface hardening. This type of plate can be commonly used on various display panels that are often touched, such as mobile phones, display screens, and instrument panels. Because hardened acrylic plates are not scratched, the hardness of acrylic plates treated with surface hardening can be increased from H to more than 4H.
24. Galvanizing
Refers to the surface treatment technology of coating a layer of zinc on the surface of metals, alloys or other materials to achieve aesthetics and rust prevention.
25. Powder coating
It is the process of spraying powder coating onto the surface of workpieces with powder spraying equipment (electrostatic spraying machine). Under the action of static electricity, the powder will be evenly adsorbed on the surface of the workpiece to form a powder coating; the powder coating is leveled and solidified after high-temperature baking to become a final coating with different effects (different types of powder coating effects).
26. Microarc oxidation (MAO)
Also known as microplasma oxidation (MPO), it is a process of growing a ceramic film layer mainly composed of matrix metal oxides on the surface of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and their alloys by combining electrolyte with corresponding electrical parameters and relying on the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated by arc discharge.
27. Metal wire drawing
It is a manufacturing process of repeatedly scraping lines on aluminum plates with sandpaper. The main process is divided into three parts: de-esterification, sand mill and water washing. In the wire drawing process, the special film technology after the anodizing treatment can make the metal surface generate a film layer containing the metal component, clearly showing every tiny trace of the wire, so that the matte metal has a fine hair luster.
28. Blue burning
After the entire body is filled with colored glaze, it is taken to a high-temperature furnace with a furnace temperature of about 800 degrees Celsius for baking. The colored glaze melts from a sand-like solid to a liquid, and after cooling, it becomes a gorgeous colored glaze fixed on the body. At this time, the colored glaze is lower than the height of the copper wire, so it has to be filled with colored glaze again, and then sintered, generally four or five times in a row, until the pattern is filled to the same level as the filigree pattern.
29. Frosting
It is a process to make the originally smooth surface of the object become rough, so that the light irradiated on the surface forms a diffuse reflection. Frosting in chemistry is to grind the glass mechanically or manually with abrasives such as corundum, silica sand and pomegranate powder to make a uniform and rough surface. It can also be processed with hydrofluoric acid solution on the surface of glass and other objects, and the resulting product is frosted glass.
30. Thermal transfer
It is a new printing process introduced from abroad. The thermal transfer process printing method is divided into two parts: transfer film printing and transfer processing. Transfer film printing uses dot printing (resolution up to 300dpi) to pre-print the pattern on the film surface. The printed pattern is rich in layers, bright in color, ever-changing, with small color difference and good reproducibility. It can achieve the required effect of the designer and is suitable for mass production.
31. Laser engraving
Also called laser engraving or laser marking, it is a process for surface treatment based on optical principles. Use laser beams to carve permanent marks on the surface of a material or inside a transparent material. Laser beams can produce two types of effects: chemical effects and special effects on materials. When the material absorbs the laser light instantly, it will produce physical or chemical reactions, thus marking or showing patterns or text.
32. PVD
PVD is the abbreviation of Physical Vapor Deposition in English. It refers to the use of low voltage and high current arc discharge technology under vacuum conditions, using gas discharge to evaporate the target material and ionize the evaporated material and gas, and using the acceleration of the electric field to deposit the evaporated material and its reaction products on the workpiece. The film prepared after PVD has the advantages of high hardness, low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and chemical stability.
33. Electroplating
It is the process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on certain metal surfaces using the principle of electrolysis. It is a process of using electrolysis to attach a layer of metal film to the surface of metal or other material parts, thereby preventing metal oxidation (such as rust), improving wear resistance, conductivity, reflectivity, corrosion resistance (copper sulfate, etc.) and enhancing beauty. The outer layer of many coins is also electroplated.
34. Vacuum evaporation, referred to as evaporation, refers to a process in which a certain heating evaporation method is used under vacuum conditions to evaporate the coating material and gasify it, so that the particles fly to the surface of the substrate and condense into a film. Evaporation is an earlier and more widely used vapor deposition technology.
35. Water electroplating technology
It is the process of plating a layer of metal on the surface of the substrate using the principle of electrolysis. Since the production process is usually carried out in an electrolyte, it is called "water electroplating". The introduction of the electroplating layer can enhance the corrosion resistance, hardness, wear prevention, conductivity, lubricity, heat resistance, and surface beauty of the substrate. The technology of depositing a metal coating with good adhesion but different performance from the substrate material on a mechanical product using the principle of an electrolytic cell. The electroplating layer is more uniform than the hot-dip layer and is generally thinner, ranging from a few microns to tens of microns. Through electroplating, decorative protective and various functional surface layers can be obtained on mechanical products, and workpieces with wear and processing errors can also be repaired.
36. Nano-spraying technology
It is a method of directly spraying to make the surface of the sprayed object present a variety of colorful mirror highlights. It has excellent adhesion, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, wear resistance and scratch resistance, and has good anti-rust performance. It can be used as a spray for surface decoration and protection in other industries. It has a simple process, is green and environmentally friendly, has a wide range of uses, and is a high-tech surface treatment technology.
37. Calendering
Also known as calendering. The last step in heavy leather finishing. The finishing process uses the plasticity of fibers under mixed heat conditions to flatten the surface of the fabric or roll out parallel fine diagonal lines to enhance the gloss of the fabric. After the material is fed in, it is heated and melted, then formed into a sheet or film, then cooled and rolled up. The most commonly used calendering material is polyvinyl chloride.
38. Flat screen printing
The printing mold is a polyester or nylon screen (
Patterned plate). The patterned area on the patterned plate can pass through the color paste, while the non-patterned area is sealed with a polymer film layer. During printing, the patterned plate is pressed tightly against the fabric, and the color paste is placed on the patterned plate. The scraper is used to scrape and press back and forth so that the color paste passes through the pattern and reaches the surface of the fabric. Flat screen printing has low production efficiency, but it has wide adaptability and flexible application, and is suitable for small batch and multi-variety production.
39. Spraying
The coating method is to disperse the uniform and fine droplets through a spray gun or a disc atomizer with the help of pressure or centrifugal force and apply them to the surface of the coated object. It can be divided into air spraying, airless spraying, electrostatic spraying and various derivative methods of the above basic spraying forms, such as large-flow low-pressure atomization spraying, thermal spraying, automatic spraying, multi-group spraying, etc.
40. Spraying technology - PU paint
Spraying is a coating method that uses a spray gun or butterfly atomizer to disperse into uniform and fine droplets with the help of pressure or centrifugal force, and then applies it to the surface of the object to be coated. PU paint is a general term for all polyurethane coatings. Its film-forming method is natural film-forming, and no special process is required. PU paint spraying is to spray a layer of PU paint on the surface of the workpiece.
41. PET film UV transfer
Using the non-stick properties of UV transfer glue and metal, various types of mobile phone ultra-thin key effects are transferred to PET sheets through UV transfer technology, thereby making ultra-thin keys and key types with effects including CD texture, vertical brushed, matte, and bright surface texture.
42. Film forming
The film forming process is the process of heating and softening the film, and then applying external force to shape and cool it to make the film 3D formed. It is mainly divided into two types: hot pressing and forming. The pressing process is to use the mold temperature to soften the film, and then use the pressure of the mold to shape the softened film in the hot pressing mold cavity, and then cool it to shape it.
43. Glue filling process
Through the mixture of two kinds of glue, the surface of the product is coated to make the surface of the product present a crystal clear effect. The main function is to increase the surface effect, full drip molding, partial drip molding, font shape glue filling effect, filling effect, partial filling, weight control filling and other different effects. 44. Laser biting
Use high energy density laser to react with the surface of steel to form snake skin/etching/pear ground or other forms of texture. Make the product more beautiful, overcome the shortcomings of easy wear of printing and spray painting, and meet the visual requirements. Because the surface of the product is as smooth as a mirror, it is easy to scratch, easy to get dust and fingerprints, and the defects, silk marks and ripples generated during the formation process will be exposed on the smooth surface of the product. Some decorative patterns such as leather texture, orange peel texture, wood texture, rain pattern, matte surface, etc. can conceal the shortcomings of the product surface during the forming process, making the product appearance beautiful and meeting the visual needs.
45. Sandblasting
Using compressed air as the power, a high-speed jet beam is formed to spray the material (copper ore sand, quartz sand, corundum, iron sand, Hainan sand) at high speed onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed, so that the appearance or shape of the outer surface of the workpiece surface changes. Due to the impact and cutting action of the abrasive on the workpiece surface, the surface of the workpiece obtains a certain degree of cleanliness and different roughness, so that the mechanical properties of the workpiece surface are improved, thereby improving the fatigue resistance of the workpiece, increasing the adhesion between it and the coating, prolonging the durability of the coating, and also facilitating the leveling and decoration of the coating.
46. Anodizing Technology-Sandblasting
It refers to the combination of sandblasting and anodizing processes. First, dry sand flow or other abrasive particles are sprayed onto the surface of aluminum products with purified compressed air to present a uniform and matte sand surface. Then, an oxide film is produced on the surface of the workpiece by anodizing, and dyeing is performed at the same time to improve the corrosion resistance and appearance of the workpiece.
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