1. Follow imitation as a teacher, learn from imitation, and constantly improve the usual design. 80% to 90% are imitated and synthesized from existing technologies. Make full use of the experiences of others and past experiences to serve yourself and make continuous progress.
2. Be obsessed with design. Designers must have a sense of aesthetics and stability, and be able to distinguish between beautiful and unsightly products, and stable and unstable products. Secondly, designers must put themselves in the shoes of users and experience things from their standpoint. Confidence comes from the fascination with design. Be obsessed with design like a lover, and use all your energy and talent. This is the basis of confidence, and it is also the secret of conquering users and being liked by them.
3. The shape and structure are generated by force. Machine products all work under load. The design is based on the strength of the weakest part, the load situation is found out, and the force analysis is used as the basis. (In the design of electronic equipment products: plastic parts are mainly checked for stiffness, and metal parts are mainly checked for strength).
4. Drawings are more important than theory, and facts are more important than drawings. Designers must use designed drawings to express their ideas. Drawings reasonably handle theoretical and engineering issues. This is what it means that drawings are more important than theory; practice is the source of designers. When you hear that the product cannot be manufactured according to the drawings or the user's opinion, you should take it seriously and avoid being hasty.
5. Only after use can we have a deeper understanding that the in-factory test is qualified. Problems may occur in actual use because the conditions at the user site are different from those of the manufacturing plant; workers may not have mastered the operation essentials, and maintenance is inconvenient. Therefore, the design should not only be satisfied with the original goals and requirements. Collect the situation at the use site, discover various problems, improve the design, ensure product quality, maintain normal production, reduce costs, and reduce consumption.
6. Don't blindly pursue high-precision assembly. Failure to assemble normally due to large errors is often the source of arguments and complaints between the processing workshop and the design department, so the designers narrow the tolerance range. The cost of a product rises in a geometric progression of precision. If the designer is slightly careless, the cost may rise straight up. Several parts that meet the accuracy may not be able to be installed together. This is a problem of the dimension chain. The purpose of assembly can be achieved by leaving an adjustment position in a certain link of the dimensional chain and temporarily processing it after assembly. The accuracy does not necessarily need to be set very strictly. The design should ensure that the product is reliable to use, easy to operate, easy to manufacture and simple to maintain. To do this, you need to practice hard and study hard, and it is by no means a day's work.
7. Multi-purpose standard parts and general parts The machinery manufacturing industry has become more and more specialized. If you want to rely on your own factory to manufacture everything, this is neither economical nor ineffective, and it is an outdated idea. When designing a new product, common parts and standard parts should be used as much as possible. This can not only shorten the production cycle, but also facilitate interchange and reduce costs. With the continuous development of industry, specialization will inevitably develop vigorously. Designers should understand the development of specialization and be familiar with the general parts, standard parts and other components that the market can provide in order to make correct selections.
8. Avoid flashiness and complacency in design. Both flashiness and complacency in design are harmful to the development of design work. The former is likely to happen to young designers, while the latter is likely to come from older designers. Ignoring realistic constraints, such as delivery time, cost, material supply, equipment capabilities, processing, assembly, and maintenance capabilities, etc., and blindly designing according to your own ideas, the hope of success is very small, and fledgling designers have a sense of fearlessness. The vitality of a tiger is that it longs to have wings and fly freely. This is good and spirited, and should be maintained and carried forward. However, we should face reality and avoid being flashy, wasting energy and wasting time. However, experienced people cannot bow to the feet of past experience, so that they do not have the courage to take risks and stop moving forward. Technology is constantly advancing and product competition is ongoing, requiring designers to constantly explore and design good products. Things are changing. What used to be obstacles to progress may have become conditions that can be exploited. The key to preventing complacency is learning. Designers must keep this in mind and live and learn. Past experience is valuable, and it is valuable to gain it with your own enterprising spirit. Enterprising spirit is a sword that can overcome obstacles and move forward courageously in your career. The sword should always shine brightly.
9. Where there is one, there are three. As the saying goes: If there is one, there are three. If there is something wrong with the product and the handling is not careful, it often happens that there are three cases of one failure. When problems arise, instead of conducting thorough investigation and in-depth analysis, they make subjective assumptions and handle them incorrectly, which will lead to problems occurring again and again. Design is the basis for production. Products must undergo trial production to test the design and inspect all production preparations so that production can proceed smoothly. If production changes frequently, the production cycle, product quality, and manufacturing costs will be greatly affected, and changes in production It is greatly affected by design, so design changes should be limited to a minimum, and changes must be made decisively, quickly and carefully. Problems should be foresighted to eliminate accidents before they happen. To sum up, we should not take the problem lightly, avoid being careless, and we must find the root cause of the problem.
10. Problems tend to arise in careless places. Our experience in life and work has taught us that faults and faults often appear in places where people do not expect them. If things have been carefully considered, there will generally be no problems, such as the strength of machinery. In calculations, I always think deeply about the safety of a certain part, fearing that something will go wrong, but it won't. Instead, I will raise an "alarm" in an unexpected place. After analysis, I found that the "alarm" was reasonable, and I really ignored that part. force analysis. The reason for this is negligence. When a weak link is found in the design, we must seize it and solve it. This is an ability that needs to be cultivated. Senior designers can generally do this. Every designer should maintain a meticulous, strict and perseverant style from the beginning of designing. Over time, he will definitely develop the ability to be agile and neat.
11. Inheritance is a shortcut to design. There are two types of design. One is a new design with no experience to follow, and the other is a design based on data or experience. The design usually referred to is inheritance design. A drawing has to go through many tests. The more tested the drawing, the more valuable it is. The record of proprietary changes on the drawing represents the footprints of a part or even a product in practice, which can reflect such things as structure, material, size, The changes and problems in tolerances, processing, measurement assembly, testing, etc. are extremely precious data in design. Those who are thoughtful will definitely cherish this experience and effectively use it as experience and data for new product design.
12. Late drawings equal waste paper. Designers should pay special attention to the delivery time of the product. Why is delivery time important?
(1) Manufacturers must make their production progress meet user requirements as much as possible, and product design is a crucial part of the entire production process.
(2) The service life of products is getting shorter and shorter. In order to stay ahead, technology updates should be accelerated.
(3) Whether the production is rhythmic has an impact on product quality and cost. If the drawings are late, the production will have to be rushed and the delivery will be hasty. In particular, the inspection and testing of the products before leaving the factory are insufficient, which often causes unexpected problems in the products, causing dissatisfaction and distrust of users.
(4) The delay in drawing is the main reason for the contradiction between the actual object and the drawing. In order to catch up with the production schedule, we cannot get the official drawings to process the products, which will inevitably not match the drawings.
In addition, design is different from other work. It is a kind of imaginative and thoughtful work. It may not be carried out strictly according to the advance schedule, but it must be carried out according to the schedule. This requires more preparation, more accumulation, and more training. A thousand days, a short time, some measures should be taken to save design time, such as using white drawings or size tables. Too often new designs are shelved, the result of missed opportunities.
There is now PERT (program eval_ruation and review technique), an effective management method regarding design drawings or delivery dates, which designers should master as soon as possible.
13. If you don't understand something, keep it as it is. When designing a product, you often have to refer to products or materials from other manufacturers. You often have some questions, such as: "Why is it designed like this?" or "It would be better to change it", etc., but After the modification, either the processing technology is not good, or it is easy to break down. At this step, it is already too late. These problems are caused by lack of experience and insufficient information. Experience and information cannot be obtained instantly, but must be accumulated. If you feel suspicious about imitating something, but you are not sure what the problem is, in order to prevent the tiger from turning into a dog, it is best not to touch it first and study it later. We cannot anticipate all problems, so we must respect the accumulated experience of our predecessors.
14. Make effective use of the original design. If you want to modify someone else's design, you must first understand the ideas and principles of the design. Don't make major changes rashly, and don't rashly change things east or west. This is often self-defeating. If the design cannot achieve 20~35% efficiency, don't change it. The efficiency is only 5~6%, which may only compensate for the money spent on changing the design. When changing the design, the condition of finished and semi-finished products should also be taken into consideration and utilized as much as possible. There must be a reason for changing the design, but you should still consider the impact of the change on production and possible new conflicts. Sometimes it is discovered that the original design principles are wrong and must be completely changed. At this time, the design leader has a heavy responsibility. Whether to push it back or tolerate it, he must look at the overall situation and make a decision immediately.
15. Getting started in mechanical design is done through hard work, and it is definitely not the thought that comes out of the question that is the forerunner of action. If you have a clear idea of how to get into mechanical design, you can indeed speed up your entry. If you have the opportunity to work in the workshop, you should study hard. Being in the workshop is a basic accumulation. Tall buildings rise from the ground, and your strength depends on the foundation. Going to the workshop is a process of laying the foundation, a process of taking root, and a process of accumulation. , only by laying this foundation well, taking root deeply, and accumulating enough can you complete more and more awesome designs.
